Sheffield played a signicant role during the Industrial Revolution. However it was during the 19th century when its industries and population exploded, particularly, but not exclusively, in its traditional industries such as cutlery. Stainless steel and later crucible steel were at the forefront of a massive ten-fold increase in its population.

However these industries were to decline in the second half of the 20th century, mainly due to competition from overseas.

Sheffield Cathedral is dedicated to St Peter and St Paul. It was built as a parish church but was promoted in 1914 following the creation of the diocese. The original parish church had a chequered history. It was burned down in 1266, re-built, but demolished and rebuilt in about 1430, and then modified during the 18th and 19th centuries.

Then, in 1979, a major fire broke out doing much damage to the belfry and the rest of the tower. Then, in 2020, yet another fire broke out causing damage to the interior. Both this fires were considered to be arson and, in the second case, a 40 year old woman was arrested.